Difference between revisions of "System of Systems (SoS) (glossary)"

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''<blockquote>(1) Two or more systems that are separately defined but operate together to perform a common goal.''  (Checkland 1999) </blockquote>
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<blockquote>''(1) Two or more systems that are separately defined but operate together to perform a common goal.''  (Checkland 1999) </blockquote>
  
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''<blockquote>(2) an assemblage of components which individually may be regarded as systems, and which possess two additional properties:   
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<blockquote>''(2) an assemblage of components which individually may be regarded as systems, and which possess two additional properties:  ''
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''<blockquote>(a) Operational Independence of the Components: If the system-of-systems is disassembled into its component systems the component systems must be able to usefully operate independently. That is, the components fulfill customer-operator purposes on their own.  </blockquote>
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''<blockquote>(a) Operational Independence of the Components: If the system-of-systems is disassembled into its component systems the component systems must be able to usefully operate independently. That is, the components fulfill customer-operator purposes on their own.  </blockquote>''
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<blockquote>''(b) Managerial Independence of the Components: The component systems not only can operate independently, they do operate independently. The component systems are separately acquired and integrated but maintain a continuing operational existence independent of the system-of-systems.'' (Maier 1998, 267-284)</blockquote>''</blockquote>
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<blockquote>''(b) Managerial Independence of the Components: The component systems not only can operate independently, they do operate independently. The component systems are separately acquired and integrated but maintain a continuing operational existence independent of the system-of-systems.'' (Maier 1998, 267-284)</blockquote></blockquote>
  
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''<blockquote> (3) System‐of‐systems applies to a system‐of‐interest whose system elements are themselves systems; typically these entail large scale inter‐disciplinary problems with multiple, heterogeneous, distributed systems.'' (INCOSE 2012)</blockquote>
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<blockquote>'' (3) System‐of‐systems applies to a system‐of‐interest whose system elements are themselves systems; typically these entail large scale inter‐disciplinary problems with multiple, heterogeneous, distributed systems.'' (INCOSE 2012)</blockquote>
 
===Source===
 
===Source===
 
(1) Checkland, P. B. 1999.'' Systems Thinking, Systems Practice''. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  
 
(1) Checkland, P. B. 1999.'' Systems Thinking, Systems Practice''. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  
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===Discussion===
 
===Discussion===
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There are many definitions of System(s) of Systems, some of which are dependent on the particularity of an application area. Maier (1998) postulated five key characteristics of SoS: Operational independence of component systems, Managerial independence of component systems, geographical distribution, emergent behavior, and evolutionary development processes. Jamshidi (2009) has reviewed more than seven potential definitions of SoS and, although there is not all are universally accepted by the community, the following has received substantial attention:
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e the Systems of Systems Knowledge Area in Part 4:  Applications of Systems Engineering.e
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''A SoS is an integration of a finite number of constituent systems which are independent and operatable, and which are networked together for a period of time to achieve a certain higher goal.''
 
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It should be noted that according to this definition, formation of a SoS is not necessarily a permanent phenomenon, but rather a matter of necessity for integrating and networking them in a central way for specific goal such as robustness, cost, efficiency, etc.
 
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DeLaurentis (2005) has added to the five SoS criteria above for SoS Engineering to include: inter-disciplinarity, heterogeneity of the systems involved, and networks of systems.  
 
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Not all SoS will exhibit all of the characteristics, but it is generally assumed that a SoS is characterised by exhibiting a majority of the Maier Criteria.  Although the individual systems in a SoS are usually considered to have independent operational viability, it is sometimes the case that the SoS must contain some systems the only purpose of which is to enable the interoperation of the other component systems; i.e. the enabling systems cannot operate outside of the SoS.
 
 
[[Category:Glossary of Terms]]
 
[[Category:Glossary of Terms]]
  
 
<center>'''SEBoK v. 1.9.1, released 16 October 2018'''</center>
 
<center>'''SEBoK v. 1.9.1, released 16 October 2018'''</center>

Revision as of 19:48, 18 April 2019

(1) Two or more systems that are separately defined but operate together to perform a common goal. (Checkland 1999)

(2) an assemblage of components which individually may be regarded as systems, and which possess two additional properties:

(a) Operational Independence of the Components: If the system-of-systems is disassembled into its component systems the component systems must be able to usefully operate independently. That is, the components fulfill customer-operator purposes on their own.

(b) Managerial Independence of the Components: The component systems not only can operate independently, they do operate independently. The component systems are separately acquired and integrated but maintain a continuing operational existence independent of the system-of-systems. (Maier 1998, 267-284)

(3) System‐of‐systems applies to a system‐of‐interest whose system elements are themselves systems; typically these entail large scale inter‐disciplinary problems with multiple, heterogeneous, distributed systems. (INCOSE 2012)

Source

(1) Checkland, P. B. 1999. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

(2) Maier, M. W. 1998. "Architecting principles for systems-of-systems." Systems Engineering, the Journal of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) 1 (4).

(3) INCOSE. 2012. Systems Engineering Handbook: A Guide for System Life Cycle Processes and Activities, version 3.2.2. San Diego, CA, USA: International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), INCOSE-TP-2003-002-03.2.2

Discussion

e the Systems of Systems Knowledge Area in Part 4: Applications of Systems Engineering.e

SEBoK v. 1.9.1, released 16 October 2018
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