Human Systems Integration

human systems integration (hsi) is focused on the effective integration of the human operator and maintainer of a system composed of hardware, software and procedures in the successful performance of a mission or objective. To this end, HSI is engaged within systems engineering technical management and technical processes with the goal of opmitizing total system performance where the human is an element of the system. HSI incorpoates the following domains as integration considerations: environment, manpower, personnel, human factors, occupational health, habitability, safety and human survivability.

Subtopics

The subtopics included within this topic are:

• Environment

Environment includes the conditions in and around the system and the operational context within which the system will be operated and supported. This "environment" affects the human's ability to function as a part of the system. Safety factors consist of those system design characteristics that serve to minimize the potential for mishaps causing death or injury to operators and maintainers or threaten the survival and/or operation of the system.

• Manpower

Manpower factors are those job tasks, operation/maintenance rates, associated workload, and operational conditions (e.g., risk of hostile fire) that are used to determine the number and mix of personnel necessary to operate, maintain, support, and provide training for the system.

• Personnel

Personnel factors are those human aptitudes (i.e., cognitive, physical, and sensory capabilities), knowledge, skills, abilities, and experience levels that are needed to properly perform job tasks. Personnel factors are used to develop occupational specialties for system operators, maintainers, trainers, and support personnel.

• Training

Training is the learning process by which personnel individually or collectively acquire or enhance pre-determined job-relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities by developing their cognitive, physical, sensory, and team dynamic abilities. The "training/instructional system" integrates training concepts and strategies and elements of logistic support to satisfy personnel performance levels required to operate, maintain, and support the systems. It includes the "tools" used to provide learning experiences such as computer-based interactive courseware, simulators, and actual equipment (including embedded training capabilities on actual equipment), job performance aids, and Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals.

• Human Factors

Human factors engineering is primarily concerned with designing human-machine interfaces consistent with the physical, cognitive, and sensory abilities of the user population. Human-machine interfaces include:

• Functional interfaces (functions and tasks, and allocation of functions to human performance or automation);
• Informational interfaces (information and characteristics of information that provide the human with the knowledge, understanding and awareness of what is happening in the tactical environment and in the system);
• Environmental interfaces (the natural and artificial environments, environmental controls, and facility design);
• Cooperational interfaces (provisions for team performance, cooperation, collaboration, and communication among team members and with other personnel);
• Organizational interfaces (job design, management structure, command authority, policies and regulations that impact behavior);
• Operational interfaces (aspects of a system that support successful operation of the system such as procedures, documentation, workloads, job aids);
• Cognitive interfaces (decision rules, decision support systems, provision for maintaining situational awareness, mental models of the tactical environment, provisions for knowledge generation, cognitive skills and attitudes, memory aids); and,
• Physical interfaces (hardware and software elements designed to enable and facilitate effective and safe human performance such as controls, displays, workstations, worksites, accesses, labels and markings, structures, steps and ladders, handholds, maintenance provisions, etc.).

• Occupational Health

Occupational health factors are those system design features that serve to minimize the risk of injury, acute or chronic illness, or disability; and/or reduce job performance of personnel who operate, maintain, or support the system. Prevalent issues include noise, chemical safety, atmospheric hazards (including those associated with confined space entry and oxygen deficiency), vibration, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, and human factors issues that can create chronic disease and discomfort such as repetitive motion diseases. Many occupational health problems, particularly noise and chemical management, overlap with environmental impacts. Human factors stresses that create risk of chronic disease and discomfort overlap with occupational health considerations.

• Habitability

Habitability factors are those living and working conditions that are necessary to sustain the morale, safety, health, and comfort of the user population. They directly contribute to personnel effectiveness and mission accomplishment, and often preclude recruitment and retention problems. Examples include: lighting, space, ventilation, and sanitation; noise and temperature control (i.e., heating and air conditioning); religious, medical, and food services availability; and berthing, bathing, and personal hygiene. Habitability consists of those characteristics of systems, facilities (temporary and permanent), and services necessary to satisfy personnel needs. Habitability factors are those living and working conditions that result in levels of personnel morale, safety, health, and comfort adequate to sustain maximum personnel effectiveness, support mission performance, and avoid personnel retention problems.

• Safety

The design features and operating characteristics of a system that serve to minimize the potential for human or machine errors or failure that cause injurious accidents.

• Human Survivablility

Survivability factors consist of those system design features that reduce the risk of fratricide, detection, and the probability of being attacked; and that enable personnel to withstand man-made hostile environments without aborting the mission, or objective or suffering acute chronic illness, disability, or death. Survivability attributes are those that contribute to the survivability of manned systems.

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--Bkcase 19:09, 22 August 2011 (UTC) (on behalf of Dick Fairley)