Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning

Rittel Horst W J, and Webber Melvin M. 1973. Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. pp. Policy Sciences, Vol. 4, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Inc., Amsterdam,155–169. (Reprinted in Cross N. (ed.). 1984. Developments in Design Methodology, J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp. 135–144)

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Annotation

Socio-Technical Features of Systems of Systems

Horst Rittel and Melvin M. Webber formally described the concept of wicked problems in a 1973 treatise, contrasting "wicked" problems with relatively "tame," soluble problems in mathematics, chess, or puzzle solving ie the origin of the term ‘wicked problem