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...ular point in the life of a {{Term|System-of-Interest (glossary)|system-of-interest}} (SoI). ...nd how this relates in detail to {{Term|Element (glossary)|elements}} of {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} (SE).

...eric SE paradigm is described; this forms a starting point for discussions of more detailed life cycle knowledge. ...rt of the SEBoK is divided into knowledge areas (KAs), which are groupings of information with a related theme. The Kas, in turn, are divided into topics

...e}}, properties, performance, {{Term|Behavior (glossary)|behavior}}, or {{Term|Cost (glossary)|cost}}. ...se of modeling and simulation during the early stages of the system design of complex systems and architectures can:

...y formal definition of the {{Term|System-of-Interest (glossary)|system-of-interest}} (SoI) is developed. ...ressed (i.e., what type of solution will be implemented) and ''how'' the {{term|Solution (glossary)|solution}} will be defined and developed.

...ncentrate on system purpose and behavior, and are described in the context of the operational environment and conditions.'' (ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, 2023, Se ...eroperating systems and enabling systems. This also includes consideration of laws and regulations, environmental restrictions, and ethical values.'' (IS

...ular point in the life of a {{Term|System-of-Interest (glossary)|system-of-interest}} (SoI). ...nd how this relates in detail to {{Term|Element (glossary)|elements}} of {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} (SE).

...h the system requirements and architecture ({{Term|Verification (glossary)|system verification}}). ...]] KAs. See also [[Applying Life Cycle Processes]] for further discussion of the relationships between process and life cycle model.

...Systems Approach (glossary)|systems approaches to practice}} grounded in {{Term|Systems Science (glossary)|systems science}}. ...) as discussed in [[Foundations of Systems Engineering|Part 2: Foundations of Systems Engineering]].

...ular point in the life of a {{Term|System-of-Interest (glossary)|system-of-interest}} (SoI). ...nd how this relates in detail to {{Term|Element (glossary)|elements}} of {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} (SE).

...inciples, thoughts and beliefs. They play an important role in all aspects of cognition and communication. == Purpose and Uses of the Systems Engineering Concept Model ==

...environment embodied in its elements, relationships, and in the principles of its design and evolution'' (ISO/IEC/IEEE 2015, Section 4.5) </blockquote> ...onal structure of a system or component; the organizational structure of a system and its implementation guidelines.'' (ISO/IEC 2009, 1) </blockquote>

...combinations of ways and means (activities and resources) to perform a set of activities.'' (DoD 2009)</blockquote> <blockquote>(2) ''The ability to execute a specified course of action. It is defined by a user and expressed in non-equipment based operat

Some users of the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) may be new to the field. This article provides recommend ...“system,” the SEBoK authors believe that this definition encompasses most of those which are relevant to SE.

<blockquote>''(1) A set of elements in interaction.'' (von Bertalanffy 1968)</blockquote> ...SO/IEC/IEEE 2015)''</blockquote><blockquote>(3) A system is an arrangement of parts or elements that together exhibit behavior or meaning that the indivi

...erest (glossary)|system-of-interest}} (SoI) replaces an existing or legacy system, it may be necessary to manage the migration between systems such that stak ...gns personnel to operate the system and monitors the services and operator-system performance. In order to sustain services, it identifies and analyzes opera

...through life relationships between these activities to ensure we take a {{Term|Systems Approach (glossary)}}. ...s between them. In this topic, we discuss a number of views on the nature of the inter-relationships between process activities within a life cycle mode

...ineered System (glossary)|engineered system}} and engineered system {{Term|System Context (glossary)|context}} that were introduced in the [[Systems Fundamen ...r more selected engineered {{Term|System-of-Interest (glossary)|systems of interest}} (SoI).

.... SE must generally be synchronized across a number of tailored instances of such life cycle models to fully satisfy stakeholder needs. More complex li ==A Generic System Life Cycle Model==

...ular point in the life of a {{Term|System-of-Interest (glossary)|system-of-interest}} (SoI). ...nd how this relates in detail to {{Term|Element (glossary)|elements}} of {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} (SE).

...nd system {{Term|Pattern (glossary)|patterns}} discussed in the [[Patterns of Systems Thinking]] topic. ...hts of {{Term|Systems Science (glossary)|systems science}} to real-world {{Term|Problem (glossary)|problems}}.

...ular point in the life of a {{Term|System-of-Interest (glossary)|system-of-interest}} (SoI). ...nd how this relates in detail to {{Term|Element (glossary)|elements}} of {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} (SE).

...ete {{Term|System-of-Interest (glossary)|system-of-interest (SoI)}}. See [[System Integration]]. ...s' roles. If implementation involves a production process, a manufacturing system which uses the established technical and management processes may be requir

...ssary)|stakeholders}} for a {{Term|System-of-Interest (glossary)|system-of-interest}} (SoI). They and other stakeholders express needs and expectations for res ...sary)|enterprises}}, and {{Term|System of Systems (SoS) (glossary)|systems of systems}} (SoS).

...ems}}. The evolution of modeling standards enables the broad adoption of {{Term|Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) (glossary)|Model-Based Systems Engin ...ich aims to integrate various system aspects across various disciplines, {{Term|Product (glossary)|products}}, and technologies.

...and also suggests how you can navigate the SEBoK to find SE information of interest. ...ertheless, it is worthwhile highlighting the content on the left-hand side of each page, which is always the same and always has four sections:

...nd highlights how different models must work together to support broader {{Term|Engineering (glossary)|engineering}} efforts. ...seful for selecting the right type of model for the intended purpose and {{Term|Scope (glossary)|scope}}.

...st missions are accomplished through the coordination and interoperability of multiple systems. The article defines mission engineering and describes th ==Definition of Mission Engineering==

...e landscape of disciplines that are intertwined with SE. For a closer view of the individual disciplines, see [[Related Disciplines|Part 6]]. ...ot address how that performance contributes to the value propositions of {{Term|Stakeholder (glossary)|stakeholders}}.

...SSE, from organizational strategy, to interoperability, to the life cycle of services, and then to their design. ...erm|Design (glossary)|design}}, operate, and deliver services. The mission of service strategies is to develop the capacity to achieve and maintain a str

...)|systems}}, including definitions, {{Term|Scope (glossary)|scope}}, and {{Term|Context (glossary)|context}}. ...System (glossary)|engineered system}} is introduced as the system context of critical relevance to SE.

...ir relationships to {{Term|Modeling Tool (glossary)|modeling tools}} and {{Term|Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) (glossary)|model-based systems engin ==Definition of a Model==

.... This section discusses the moral foundations of ethics, and the elements of ethical conduct that are especially relevant to systems engineering. ...gs about what is right and wrong. All of us also share, with other members of various communities to which we belong, ethics: standards that say what con

...g the realization of the architecture of the system through a complete set of design characteristics described in a form suitable for implementation. ...ve recognized the usefulness of the notion of ''system'' in dealing with {{Term|complexity (glossary)}} (interconnections level, multi-techno, emergence, e

...e of these ideas contribute to basic theory and methods that are used in {{Term|Systems Thinking (glossary)|systems thinking}} discussed in the [[Systems T ...''[[General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications|General System Theory]]'' (GST), he characterizes a systems approach as:

...cialty Engineering}} disciplines listed in INCOSE (2015) and GGE. For most of these disciplines, there are also SEBoK articles in the Knowledge Area[[Sys ...rpretations require dedicated contributions from the geodetic/geospatial {{Term|Domain (glossary)|domain}}. Those contributions should be achieved by integ

The SEBoK is a large, curated compendium of information about {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}}. It: *is a guide to the body of SE knowledge which provides references to detailed sources for additional i

...namic aspects of how the approach is used and how this relates to elements of SE. ...ary)|complexity}} at multiple levels of a {{Term|System Context (glossary)|system context}} necessitate a holistic approach.

...s as a primary information source and quick, comprehensive reference for {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} information. *how those boundaries and synergies are likely to evolve with increasing use of evolutionary development, lean and agile methods, and systems that provide

...ed from non-functional system requirements (e.g. constraint of replacement of obsolescence, and/or continued product support). ...when completed becomes the basis for {{Term|System Realization (glossary)|system realization}}.

...rm|System (glossary)|system}} relationship, detailed management, and the {{Term|Engineering (glossary)|engineering}} activities this implies. ...ms thinking}} to {{Term|Engineered System (glossary)|engineered system}} {{Term|Context (glossary)|contexts}} throughout their lives.

...BoK) is a guide to foundational knowledge which is relevant or useful to {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} (SE). ...EBoK Part 2 in context (SEBoK Original).''' For more detail see[[Structure of the SEBoK]]]]

...is used as the basis of [[System Validation]], as well as input into the [[System Requirements Definition]] process. ...r understand the problem, threat, or opportunity space, as well as options of the solution space.

...ystems Engineer (glossary)|systems engineer}} learning the discipline of {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} (SE), and the more exp What these system engineers find in the SEBoK includes:

...ves behind the development of the SoI, which is performed as part of the {{term|Concept Definition (glossary)|Concept Definition}} process. .../IEEE 15288). The solution could be a new system, a change to an existing system, a service, an operational change or some other solution.

...nking on {{Term|Complexity (glossary)|complexity}} and how it influences {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} (SE) practice. ...to the different {{Term|Engineered System (glossary)|engineered system}} {{Term|Context (glossary)|contexts}}. This article is closely related to the [[Eme

...d types of systems, expanded from the definitions presented in [[What is a System?]]. ...tems; etc. Indeed, it seems there is almost no end to the use of the word “system” in today’s society.

This article describes how {{Term|Software Engineering (glossary)|software engineering}} (SwE) life cycle pro ...ern systems are, one would expect the relationship between the disciplines of systems engineering (SE) and software engineering (SWE) to be well defined.

...ering (glossary)}} challenges where one might thrive on a thoughtful blend of humility and optimism. ...ate school instruction. The cases are structured using the Friedman-Sage {{Term|framework (glossary)}} (Friedman and Sage 2003; Friedman and Sage 2004, 84-

...the life cycle concepts and integrated set of needs generated during the [[System Concept Definition]] activities. System requirements play major roles in systems engineering, as they:

...stems engineer has a vital stake in the success of the development and use of the IM process and IM systems. ...n many forms in an organization; some information is related to a specific system development program and some is held at an enterprise level and made availa

The realization of successful complex {{Term|System (glossary)|systems}} requires experts from many disciplines to work togethe Studying the SEBoK enables engineers from disciplines other than {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} (SE) to:

...s or decisions are made to determine compliance with [[System Requirements|system requirements]]. System analysis provides a rigorous approach to technical decision-making. It is u

...ystem resilience]], [[System Safety|system safety]], and [[System Security|system security]]). ...ational risk, environmental protection, {{Term|Quality (glossary)}}, and {{Term|Availability (glossary)}}. There is commonality and synergy among these spe

...velopmental items. Integration should not to be confused with the assembly of end products on a production line. To perform the production, the assembly ...cted during design, and to check correctness of static and dynamic aspects of interfaces between the implemented elements.

...sign and development. (See the knowledge areas in Part 3 for a description of how the life cycle can impact systems engineering (SE) processes.) ...and achievement reviews based on evidence of feasibility versus plans and system descriptions.

...management {{Term|enterprise (glossary)}}. The topic may be of particular interest to those involved in air transportation whether in connection with their ca For addition information, refer to the closely related topics of [[Enabling Businesses and Enterprises]] and [[Enterprise Systems Engineerin

...s {{Term|Principle (glossary)|principles}} as part of the basic ideas of {{Term|Systems Thinking (glossary)|systems thinking}}. ...concepts already defined is provided. A number of additional “laws” and {{Term|Heuristic (glossary)|heuristics}} are also discussed.

...as described in [[Application of Systems Engineering Standards|application of systems engineering standards]]. ...lization. When building upon these, it is useful to consider the structure of a generic process and product life cycle stage model as portrayed in Figure

...ssary)|context}} of government {{Term|acquisition (glossary)|acquisition}} of very large, complex military and civil systems (e.g., F22 fighter jet and a ...-driven, and economic in nature in comparison to the more technical nature of classical systems engineering” (Carlock and Fenton 2001, 242-261).

...y)|temporal architecture}} view. Other additional views are suggested in {{Term|Architecture Framework (glossary)|architecture frameworks}}, depending on t ...al Architecture'' is a contraction of the expression ''Logical View of the System Architecture''.

...t is important to remember that while system validation is separate from {{Term|Verification (glossary)|verification}}, the activities are complementary an ...idation is the set of activities that ensure and provide confidence that a system is able to accomplish its intended use, goals, and objectives (i.e., meet s

...ses (e.g., agile development, Scrum, extreme programming (XP), the dynamic system development method, and innovation-based processes). ...Vee model, and variations of the Vee model, all address the same basic set of systems engineering (SE) activities. The key difference between these model

...stages}} regulated by a set of management decisions which confirm that the system is mature enough to leave one stage and enter another. ...rt of the SEBoK is divided into knowledge areas (KAs), which are groupings of information with a related theme. The KAs in turn are divided into topics.

...on of an information technology enterprise. The topic may be of particular interest, especially because this transformation was accomplished by a Russian compa For addition information, refer to the closely related topics of [[Enabling Businesses and Enterprises]] and [[Enterprise Systems Engineerin

...the systems work together to meet SoS objectives and considers the details of the individual systems and their impact the SoS performance or functionalit ==The Role of System of Systems Architecting==

...s and rules for their internal operations. These rules may be independent of any particular customer (Theilmann 2009). ...day of week, season, or other unexpected needs (e.g., natural disasters, {{Term|Product (glossary)|product}} promotion campaigns, etc.). In the US for inst

This article introduces fundamental concepts of product systems. ...environment that can be influenced by the system or that can influence the system is called the “context.”

...the [[Systems Engineering Organizational Strategy]] and reflect the nature of the business, its products and services, various stakeholders, business lea ...and by individuals, or through some combination of the two. Determination of team SE capability is discussed in the article [[Team Capability]], and ind

...concepts, and methods to the planning, design, improvement, and operation of an enterprise. ...rt of the SEBoK is divided into knowledge areas (KAs), which are groupings of information with a related theme. The KAs in turn are divided into topics.

...g {{Term|business (glossary)}} management activities can be supported by {{Term|Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE) (glossary)|enterprise systems engineer ...ese business activities relate to each other as well as the relative scope of ESE and product systems engineering (PSE) (Martin 2010 and 2011). PSE is ma

...oK should be used together with GRCSE (''Graduate Reference Curriculum for System Engineering''). The SEBoK is a guide to the knowledge that constitutes the ...s use the SEBoK and the GRCSE to develop curricula or courses focused on {{Term|Systems Engineering (glossary)|systems engineering}} (SE) generally, on dom

...can be public (not-for-profit). Public markets address the strategic needs of a country or region, such as military, healthcare, educational, transportat ...arket analysis, product acceptance and market growth (diffusion), and rate of adoption

...vices deliver to its owners, customers, employees, regulators, and other {{Term|Stakeholder (glossary)|stakeholders}}. (See [[Stakeholder Needs Definition] ...ple, every enterprise has a purpose, context, and scope determined by some of its stakeholders and modified over time to increase the value the enterpris

...earning more. This article overviews heuristics in general as well as some of those specifically supporting Systems Engineering practice. ...est in heuristics to fill the gap. This is especially true as the practice of Systems Engineering is extended to provide solutions to inherently complex,

...the system, not merely as a {{Term|user (glossary)|user}}/operator of the system. ...who work in the system, and the information [and knowledge] content of the system.'' (Giachetti 2010) </blockquote>

...t concluding that healthcare improvement could be accelerated with the use of systems engineering. (PCAST 2014) They noted that they key incentives are w This article provides an overview of healthcare delivery with some historical context, and describes some differ

...Forsberg (2005) suggest another way to characterize the important aspects of project management: ...tem Integration|integration]]; [[System Verification|verification]]; and [[System Validation|validation]].

The application of the key concepts of Enterprise Systems Engineering requires processes. These processes span an ...e a reasonably good definition for an enterprise that captures this notion of balance:

...the life of the product, to an expanded view that includes the management of product-lines (families) or product platforms themselves. This provides an ...ine product roll-out and possible phases of product introduction. Analysis of the market is critical during the entire product life cycle from conception

...erm|Systems Science (glossary)|systems science}} from the perspective of {{Term|Principle (glossary)|principles}} and patterns. ...sary)|software}} engineering and other fields. Finally, a brief discussion of patterns as maturity indicators is given.

...ce the application of systems engineering within it. For an overview of {{Term|Healthcare Systems Engineering (glossary)}} and how it deals with these inf The healthcare sector is a complex system made up of people, facilities, laws and regulations. It addresses current health, trie

...riginal plan and saved much time and money. The topic may be of particular interest to those involved in institutional collaborations where there are vested in ...siness and Enterprises to Perform Systems Engineering]] and [[Fundamentals of Services]].

...s aligned to the organization's purpose, and implements the relevant parts of the organization's strategy. ...ess, tools and infrastructure, and organization; therefore, the assessment of systems engineering performance in an enterprise should cover these dimensi

...vations for producing and analyzing case studies to develop more knowledge of what seems to work, what does not seem to work, and reasons why, really cha ...[[Enterprise Systems Engineering]], and [[Systems of Systems (SoS)|System of Systems Engineering.]]

...m, subsystem or component of the [[System-of-Interest (glossary)|system of interest]] (SOI).   ...African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) provides an excellent example of a methodology tailoring process (Kusel 2020).

...ally abbreviated to just "business", because a business is a specific type of enterprise that has sufficiently strong central authority and motivation to ...s stakeholders, business leadership focus, etc. This topic, which is part of Part 5, [[Enabling Businesses and Enterprises]], summarizes the factors use

...knowledge}} on geospatial technologies, various aspects associated with {{Term|geographic data (glossary)|geographic data}}, and standardization in the ge ==GIS related Bodies of Knowledge==

...ystem life management. At some point, any deployed system will become one of the following: uneconomical to maintain; obsolete; or unrepairable. A comp ...and ultimately address the design of a system for the environment in terms of ecological, political, and social considerations.

...element of a larger system, and each element can often also be viewed as a system on its own. A {{Term|System Element (glossary)|system element}} consists of one or more products. Products need to be produced or acquired. Some can be

...n the [[Systems of Systems (SoS)|systems of systems (SoS)]] knowledge area of the SEBoK. ...0) and guiding principles to complexity thinking can be applied in Systems of Systems Engineering. (INCOSE, 2016)

...standing of the meaning and implementation of resilience, sufficient for a system engineer to effectively address it. ...ificance." (DHS 2017) Some practitioners define resilience only to include system reactions following an encounter with an adversity, sometimes called the re

...ly, education and training have taken on a greater role in the development of SE competencies. ==Relationship of SE Competencies and KSAAs==

...sers of the product based on business objectives usually measured in terms of value addition to the stakeholder. ...ts with suppliers in regards to building a supply chain. The complexities of dealing with supply chains must be accounted for with respect to cost, risk

...engineering}} process. A balance must be achieved on each project in terms of overall risk management ownership, implementation, and day-to-day responsib ...the umbrella of [[Systems Engineering Management]], though the wider body of risk literature is explored below.

...rest to those dealing with programs in the sustainment and evolution phase of their life cycle. For addition information, refer to the links provided in ...combat system at least once during the operational lifetime. The evolution of threats, technology and interoperability drives the USN to upgrade their su

...ocesses (e.g., agile development, Scrum, extreme programming (XP), dynamic system development methods, and innovation-based processes). ...Vee and the spiral are useful models that emphasize different aspects of a system life cycle.

This case study provides insight into the use of systems engineering practices in a medical application.

...tunity for the systems engineering community to define the complex systems of the twenty-first century (Jamshidi 2009). While systems engineering is a fa ...rt of the SEBoK is divided into knowledge areas (KAs), which are groupings of information with a related theme. The KAs in turn are divided into topics.

...CM n.d.). This article largely explains EIT organizations through the lens of the EITBOK and how it relates to SE principles, practices, and activities a ...opportunity costs were not measurable but could easily be in the trillions of dollars.

...situationally-driven or caused by a charismatic individual). ‘’’Styles’’’ of leadership describe the manner in which a leader (or a leadership team) lea ...g blocks for adapting leadership behaviors at work. The pragmatic aspects of leading team members involved in systems engineering are summarized in [[Te